{"id":6711,"date":"2023-10-18T06:00:51","date_gmt":"2023-10-18T11:00:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.grammarbook.com\/blog\/?p=6711"},"modified":"2023-10-16T11:52:25","modified_gmt":"2023-10-16T16:52:25","slug":"past-progressive-tense","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.grammarbook.com\/blog\/verbs\/past-progressive-tense\/","title":{"rendered":"Past Progressive Tense: Definition and Examples"},"content":{"rendered":"

We use verb tense in English to communicate when an action or state of being occurred. We also combine verb tense with grammatical aspect<\/a>, which further indicates time-related characteristics such as the tense’s duration, completion, or repetition.<\/p>\n

English has three tenses (past, present, future) and four aspects (simple, perfect, progressive, perfect progressive), creating twelve primary tenses:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\npast<\/strong><\/td>\npresent<\/strong><\/td>\nfuture<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
simple<\/strong><\/td>\nsimple past<\/a><\/td>\nsimple present<\/td>\nsimple future<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
perfect<\/strong><\/td>\npast perfect<\/td>\npresent perfect<\/a><\/td>\nfuture perfect<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
progressive<\/strong><\/td>\npast progressive<\/td>\npresent progressive<\/td>\nfuture progressive<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
perfect progressive<\/strong><\/td>\npast perfect progressive<\/td>\npresent perfect progressive<\/td>\nfuture perfect progressive<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

In this discussion, we’ll review how we use the past progressive tense in expressing the timing and aspect of actions in our writing.<\/p>\n

Past Progressive Tense: Explained<\/h2>\n

The past progressive tense in English conveys an action that was ongoing and not resolutely concluded in the past. The action in progress had not yet finished but has done so by the time we learn of it.<\/p>\n

The past progressive is formed by the singular or plural past tense of to be<\/em> (was <\/em>or were<\/em>) and the -ing<\/em> form of the verb, which we also refer to as its present participle<\/a> (e.g., listening, planting, studying, flying, clearing, forming<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Examples<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

You were<\/span> listening<\/span> to the radio.<\/p>\n

Keenan was<\/u> studying<\/u> for the test.<\/p>\n

The sparrows were<\/u> flying<\/u> over the field.<\/p>\n

Cell-phone flashlights were<\/u> forming<\/u> luminous specks in the stadium.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Note the spelling of a verb’s present participle changes if the verb ends in:<\/p>\n

consonant + -e<\/em><\/strong>
\nDrop the -e<\/em>: stare<\/em> > staring<\/em>, trace<\/em> > tracing<\/em><\/p>\n

-ie<\/em><\/strong>
\nChange the –ie<\/em> to -y<\/em>: die<\/em> > dying<\/em>, tie<\/em> > tying<\/em><\/p>\n

a final consonant after a short, stressed vowel <\/strong>
\nDouble the consonant: run<\/em> > running<\/em>, grab<\/em> > grabbing<\/em>. In American English, the exceptions to this rule are verbs ending in -l<\/em>, -w<\/em>, -x<\/em>, and -y<\/em>: cancel<\/em> > canceling<\/em>, brew<\/em> > brewing<\/em>, fix<\/em> > fixing<\/em>, spy<\/em> > spying<\/em>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Examples<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Isabella was<\/span> tracing<\/span> the outline for her drawing.<\/p>\n

I was<\/u> tying<\/u> both shoes at once.<\/p>\n

The contestants were<\/u> grabbing<\/u> wildly at the hundred-dollar bills.<\/p>\n

The leopards in the brush were<\/u> spying<\/u> on the gazelles.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

As we can see in each sentence, an action was in progress. While the sentences do not tell us when the action was finished, we can still interpret that it did not continue into the present.<\/p>\n

When to Use the Past Progressive: More Examples<\/h2>\n

We’ve established that the past progressive communicates an action in progress at a certain former time. The following are more examples of contexts in which we might use the past progressive.<\/p>\n

Two actions in progress at the same time in the past<\/strong>
\nJamaal was stacking<\/u> the boxes while Bryan was loading<\/u> the truck.
\nAs you were preparing<\/u> the cake, I was cooking<\/u> the dinner.<\/p>\n

“Yes” or “no” questions concerning past ongoing action<\/strong>
\nWere<\/u> you really mowing<\/u> the lawn yesterday?
\nWas<\/u> the football losing<\/u> air during the game?
\n(Note the subject and the <\/em>auxiliary verb<\/em><\/a> are switched within the question format.<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Ongoing activity that was interrupted in the past<\/strong>
\nI was watching<\/u> the game when the pizza arrived<\/u>.
\nNathaniel and Ruth were painting<\/u> the bedroom when the doorbell rang<\/u>.
\n(Note the interrupting action is in the simple past tense, not the past progressive.<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Past ongoing actions with a specified scope of time<\/strong>
\nBy lunchtime<\/u>, the entire staff was starving<\/u>.
\nNatalia was training<\/u> semi-pro ice skaters all of last year<\/u>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Past Progressive vs. Simple Past<\/h2>\n

At times the past progressive and the simple past can be confused in describing past actions. Simply remember that we would use the past progressive for actions that began before the particular time being discussed.<\/p>\n

We would apply the simple past for an action that began at the time being discussed.<\/p>\n

Past progressive:<\/strong> Evangeline was walking<\/u> to the bank of the river. (Action had already started.)<\/p>\n

Simple past:<\/strong> Evangeline walked<\/u> to the bank of the river. (Past action had just begun.)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Let’s consider this further in a context with independent clauses<\/a> in complex sentences<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Past progressive:<\/strong> When I arrived<\/u>, Evangeline was walking<\/u> to the bank of the river. (She had already started walking before I got there.)<\/p>\n

Simple past:<\/strong> When I arrived<\/u>, Evangeline walked<\/u> to the bank of the river. (She started walking when I got there.)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Verbs Not in the Past Progressive<\/h2>\n

In certain instances some verbs would not be written in the past progressive when they describe states or activities that don’t involve mental or physical movement. These are known as stative verbs<\/a>. Some examples are the verbs be<\/em>, weigh<\/em>, own<\/em>, and have<\/em>.<\/p>\n

The context of the sentence will determine whether the past progressive is proper use. Compare the following pairs.<\/p>\n

The crashing ocean waves were<\/u> breathtaking. <\/em>(simple past)
\nThe crashing ocean waves were being<\/u> breathtaking.<\/em> (past progressive)<\/p>\n

The bag weighed<\/u> ten pounds. <\/em>(simple past)
\nThe bag was weighing<\/u> ten pounds. <\/em>(past progressive)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Because stative verbs describe current states and activities within their timeframes and do not involve mental or physical movement, they will not always be expressed as being in motion. The simple past tense is the better fit in each pair.<\/p>\n

Related Topics<\/h2>\n

Past Perfect Progressive<\/a>
\nPresent Progressive Tense<\/a>
\nPresent Perfect Progressive (Continuous) Tense<\/a><\/p>\n

Pop Quiz<\/h2>\n

Identify the past progressive tense in the following sentences. If it is used correctly, indicate “yes.” If not, indicate “no” and correct the sentence.<\/p>\n

1. While I was preparing the soup, the tax agent knocked on the door.<\/p>\n

2. Back in those days, I was owning three different rental properties.<\/p>\n

3. Kristie was printing the report while Kathy was writing the memo.<\/p>\n

4. The Sandeeps were driving to Iowa when they learned about their lottery ticket.<\/p>\n

5. When I was a boy, we were having a sandbox and a swing set in our backyard.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Pop Quiz Answers<\/h3>\n

1. While I was preparing<\/u> the soup, the tax agent knocked on the door. Yes<\/strong><\/p>\n

2. Back in those days, I was owning<\/u> three different rental properties. No (stative verb)<\/strong>
\nCorrect: <\/strong>Back in those days, I owned<\/u> three different rental properties. (simple past)<\/p>\n

3. Kristie was printing<\/u> the report while Kathy was writing<\/u> the memo. Yes<\/strong><\/p>\n

4. The Sandeeps were driving to Iowa when they learned about their lottery ticket. Yes<\/strong><\/p>\n

5. When I was a boy, we were having<\/u> a sandbox and a swing set in our backyard. No (stative verb)<\/strong>
\nCorrect: <\/strong>When I was a boy, we had<\/u> a sandbox and a swing set in our backyard. (simple past)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

We use verb tense in English to communicate when an action or state of being occurred. We also combine verb tense with grammatical aspect, which further indicates time-related characteristics such as the tense’s duration, completion, or repetition. English has three tenses (past, present, future) and four aspects (simple, perfect, progressive, perfect progressive), creating twelve primary […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6711","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-verbs"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.grammarbook.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6711"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.grammarbook.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.grammarbook.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.grammarbook.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.grammarbook.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6711"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.grammarbook.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6711\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6718,"href":"https:\/\/www.grammarbook.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6711\/revisions\/6718"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.grammarbook.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6711"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.grammarbook.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6711"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.grammarbook.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6711"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}